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dc.contributor.authorSchnakers, Caroline
dc.contributor.authorBauer, Chase
dc.contributor.authorFormisano, Rita
dc.contributor.authorNoé, Enrique
dc.contributor.authorLlorens, Roberto
dc.contributor.authorLejeune, Nicolas
dc.contributor.authorFarisco, Michele
dc.contributor.authorTeixeira, Liliana
dc.contributor.authorMorrissey, Ann-Marie
dc.contributor.authorDe Marco, Sabrina
dc.contributor.authorVeeramuthu, Vigneswaran
dc.contributor.authorIlina, Kseniya
dc.contributor.authorEdlow, Brian L
dc.contributor.authorGosseries, Olivia
dc.contributor.authorZandalasini, Matteo
dc.contributor.authorDe Bellis, Francesco
dc.contributor.authorThibaut, Aurore
dc.contributor.authorEstraneo, Anna
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-31T15:28:10Z
dc.date.available2024-05-31T15:28:10Z
dc.date.issued2022-08-05
dc.identifier.issn1662-5161
dc.identifier.pmid35992948
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fnhum.2022.971315
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10147/641729
dc.descriptionBackground: With the emergence of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI), clinicians have been facing a new group of patients with severe acquired brain injury who are unable to show any behavioral sign of consciousness but respond to active neuroimaging or electrophysiological paradigms. However, even though well documented, there is still no consensus regarding the nomenclature for this clinical entity. Objectives: This systematic review aims to 1) identify the terms used to indicate the presence of this entity through the years, and 2) promote an informed discussion regarding the rationale for these names and the best candidates to name this fascinating disorder. Methods: The Disorders of Consciousness Special Interest Group (DoC SIG) of the International Brain Injury Association (IBIA) launched a search on Pubmed and Google scholar following PRISMA guidelines to collect peer-reviewed articles and reviews on human adults (>18 years) published in English between 2006 and 2021. Results: The search launched in January 2021 identified 4,089 potentially relevant titles. After screening, 1,126 abstracts were found relevant. Finally, 161 manuscripts were included in our analyses. Only 58% of the manuscripts used a specific name to discuss this clinical entity, among which 32% used several names interchangeably throughout the text. We found 25 different names given to this entity. The five following names were the ones the most frequently used: covert awareness, cognitive motor dissociation, functional locked-in, non-behavioral MCS (MCS*) and higher-order cortex motor dissociation. Conclusion: Since 2006, there has been no agreement regarding the taxonomy to use for unresponsive patients who are able to respond to active neuroimaging or electrophysiological paradigms. Developing a standard taxonomy is an important goal for future research studies and clinical translation. We recommend a Delphi study in order to build such a consensus.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.rightsCopyright © 2022 Schnakers, Bauer, Formisano, Noé, Llorens, Lejeune, Farisco, Teixeira, Morrissey, De Marco, Veeramuthu, Ilina, Edlow, Gosseries, Zandalasini, De Bellis, Thibaut and Estraneo.
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectcognitive motor dissociationen_US
dc.subjectconsciousnessen_US
dc.subjectcovert awarenessen_US
dc.subjectfunctional locked-inen_US
dc.subjectminimally conscious stateen_US
dc.subjectnon-behavioral MCSen_US
dc.subjectunresponsive wakefulness syndromeen_US
dc.subjectvegetative stateen_US
dc.titleWhat names for covert awareness? A systematic review.en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.journalFrontiers in human neuroscienceen_US
dc.source.journaltitleFrontiers in human neuroscience
dc.source.volume16
dc.source.beginpage971315
dc.source.endpage
refterms.dateFOA2024-05-31T15:28:12Z
dc.source.countrySwitzerland


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Copyright © 2022 Schnakers, Bauer, Formisano, Noé, Llorens, Lejeune, Farisco, Teixeira, Morrissey, De Marco, Veeramuthu, Ilina, Edlow, Gosseries, Zandalasini, De Bellis, Thibaut and Estraneo.
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Copyright © 2022 Schnakers, Bauer, Formisano, Noé, Llorens, Lejeune, Farisco, Teixeira, Morrissey, De Marco, Veeramuthu, Ilina, Edlow, Gosseries, Zandalasini, De Bellis, Thibaut and Estraneo.